E-ISSN 2705-3954 | ISSN 0794-4756
 
2026, Vol: 33, Issue: 2
33 / 2Current Issue Online FirstArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles

Original Research 


LOW-COST MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN DUAL-SENSOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLAR STREET LIGHTING IN TROPICAL AND SEASONALLY DRY ENVIRONMENTS

Samuel Okeolu Omogoye, Johnson Gbadebo Adenle, Victor Olayinka Famiyesin, Olayinka Titilola Tunde.


Abstract
Street lighting is an essential public infrastructure, but conventional fixed-schedule systems can result in unnecessary energy consumption because lighting operation is not dynamically adjusted to ambient illumination and road-user activity. This study presents the design, implementation, and field evaluation of a low-cost dual-sensor automated solar street lighting system for grid-independent operation in resource-constrained environments. The proposed system integrates a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) for ambient-light detection, a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor for motion detection, and an Arduino Nano microcontroller for adaptive lighting control. A 20 W polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) module supplies energy to a 12 V/7 Ah deep-cycle battery, providing an experimentally observed autonomy of approximately 2-3 nights under PIR-controlled operation. Field evaluation under different traffic conditions showed energy savings of 36.3-61.4% relative to continuous 12-h operation of the 12 W LED baseline, with an average daily consumption of 69.15 Wh. The PIR sensor achieved an observed human detection range of 5.2-6.8 m, a detection angle of approximately 115-125°, and a configured hardware delay of 2 s. Solar charging tests produced 85-105 Wh/day under clear-sunny conditions, while reduced generation was observed under cloudy and dusty conditions. The prototype cost approximately USD 91.40, and the estimated simple payback period was 2.8 years when energy savings were combined with the estimated maintenance and component-replacement cost differential. The results demonstrate the technical feasibility of integrating ambient-light and motion-based control with standalone solar power to reduce energy consumption and support autonomous street-lighting operation in areas affected by unreliable grid electricity.

Key words: Automated solar street lighting; Dual-sensor control; Energy efficiency; Arduino Nano; Sustainable street lighting.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Omogoye SO, Adenle JG, Famiyesin VO, Tunde OT. LOW-COST MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN DUAL-SENSOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLAR STREET LIGHTING IN TROPICAL AND SEASONALLY DRY ENVIRONMENTS. NJE. 2026; 33(2): 26-36. doi:10.5455/nje.2026.33.02.04

Web Style

Omogoye SO, Adenle JG, Famiyesin VO, Tunde OT. LOW-COST MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN DUAL-SENSOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLAR STREET LIGHTING IN TROPICAL AND SEASONALLY DRY ENVIRONMENTS. https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=326472 [Access: September 28, 2026]. doi:10.5455/nje.2026.33.02.04

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Omogoye SO, Adenle JG, Famiyesin VO, Tunde OT. LOW-COST MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN DUAL-SENSOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLAR STREET LIGHTING IN TROPICAL AND SEASONALLY DRY ENVIRONMENTS. NJE. 2026; 33(2): 26-36. doi:10.5455/nje.2026.33.02.04


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Omogoye SO, Adenle JG, Famiyesin VO, Tunde OT. LOW-COST MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN DUAL-SENSOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLAR STREET LIGHTING IN TROPICAL AND SEASONALLY DRY ENVIRONMENTS. NJE. (2026), [cited September 28, 2026]; 33(2): 26-36. doi:10.5455/nje.2026.33.02.04


Harvard Style

Omogoye, S. O., Adenle, . J. G., Famiyesin, . V. O. & Tunde, . O. T. (2026) LOW-COST MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN DUAL-SENSOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLAR STREET LIGHTING IN TROPICAL AND SEASONALLY DRY ENVIRONMENTS. NJE, 33 (2), 26-36. doi:10.5455/nje.2026.33.02.04


Turabian Style

Omogoye, Samuel Okeolu, Johnson Gbadebo Adenle, Victor Olayinka Famiyesin, and Olayinka Titilola Tunde. 2026. LOW-COST MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN DUAL-SENSOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLAR STREET LIGHTING IN TROPICAL AND SEASONALLY DRY ENVIRONMENTS. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 33 (2), 26-36. doi:10.5455/nje.2026.33.02.04


Chicago Style

Omogoye, Samuel Okeolu, Johnson Gbadebo Adenle, Victor Olayinka Famiyesin, and Olayinka Titilola Tunde. "LOW-COST MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN DUAL-SENSOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLAR STREET LIGHTING IN TROPICAL AND SEASONALLY DRY ENVIRONMENTS." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 33 (2026), 26-36. doi:10.5455/nje.2026.33.02.04


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Omogoye, Samuel Okeolu, Johnson Gbadebo Adenle, Victor Olayinka Famiyesin, and Olayinka Titilola Tunde. "LOW-COST MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN DUAL-SENSOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLAR STREET LIGHTING IN TROPICAL AND SEASONALLY DRY ENVIRONMENTS." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 33.2 (2026), 26-36. Print. doi:10.5455/nje.2026.33.02.04


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Omogoye, S. O., Adenle, . J. G., Famiyesin, . V. O. & Tunde, . O. T. (2026) LOW-COST MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN DUAL-SENSOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLAR STREET LIGHTING IN TROPICAL AND SEASONALLY DRY ENVIRONMENTS. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 33 (2), 26-36. doi:10.5455/nje.2026.33.02.04


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