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2025, Vol: 32, Issue: 3
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Original Research 


Development of Composite Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Weibull Probability Distributions

Isaiah Isaiah Oke, Asani Morufu Afolabi, Fehintola E Oluwaseun, Adekunbi E Adedayo, Amoko J Solayide.


Abstract
This paper focuses on the firmness (stability) of composite graphite-epoxy adhesive (resin) electrodes developed for utilization in the electrochemical treatment (purification) of water and wastewater was investigated. Graphite resin electrodes were developed from used and discarded primary dry cells and mixed with resin mould using cool mould (non-heat treatment) processes. The microstructure of the electrode was determined using a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive Spectroscopy to ascertain the structure and elemental compositions of the electrode. The stability of the electrodes was measured using the standard method through chloride salt solutions. Effects of operational factors (particle size, compressive (compacting) pressure, percentage of the resin used and applied current) on the stability of the electrodes were monitored statistically using analysis of variance. Weibull probability distribution (2 and 3 parameters) was applied through Microsoft Excel Solver and Moment Likelihood Method to ascertain utilization of the electrode in environmental pollution control. The study established that the firmness of the developed electrodes had a mean of 89.79 % with a Skewness of -0.66 after 24 hours. Weibull’s constants (α, β and γ) were 9.729, 86.789, and 2.934, and (α and β) 0.751 and 89.782 for Weibull 3 and 2 parameters, respectively. It was concluded that particle size, compacting pressure and percentage of resin were significant factors that had a significant effect on the firmness of the electrodes for the treatment of water and wastewater.

Key words: stability, composite electrodes, water and wastewater, particle size, percentage resin; compacting pressure


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Oke II, Afolabi AM, Oluwaseun FE, Adedayo AE, Solayide AJ. Development of Composite Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Weibull Probability Distributions. NJE. 2025; 32(3): 56-67.

Web Style

Oke II, Afolabi AM, Oluwaseun FE, Adedayo AE, Solayide AJ. Development of Composite Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Weibull Probability Distributions. https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=120978 [Access: February 09, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Oke II, Afolabi AM, Oluwaseun FE, Adedayo AE, Solayide AJ. Development of Composite Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Weibull Probability Distributions. NJE. 2025; 32(3): 56-67.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Oke II, Afolabi AM, Oluwaseun FE, Adedayo AE, Solayide AJ. Development of Composite Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Weibull Probability Distributions. NJE. (2025), [cited February 09, 2026]; 32(3): 56-67.


Harvard Style

Oke, I. I., Afolabi, . A. M., Oluwaseun, . F. E., Adedayo, . A. E. & Solayide, . A. J. (2025) Development of Composite Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Weibull Probability Distributions. NJE, 32 (3), 56-67.


Turabian Style

Oke, Isaiah Isaiah, Asani Morufu Afolabi, Fehintola E Oluwaseun, Adekunbi E Adedayo, and Amoko J Solayide. 2025. Development of Composite Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Weibull Probability Distributions. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 32 (3), 56-67.


Chicago Style

Oke, Isaiah Isaiah, Asani Morufu Afolabi, Fehintola E Oluwaseun, Adekunbi E Adedayo, and Amoko J Solayide. "Development of Composite Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Weibull Probability Distributions." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 32 (2025), 56-67.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Oke, Isaiah Isaiah, Asani Morufu Afolabi, Fehintola E Oluwaseun, Adekunbi E Adedayo, and Amoko J Solayide. "Development of Composite Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Weibull Probability Distributions." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 32.3 (2025), 56-67. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Oke, I. I., Afolabi, . A. M., Oluwaseun, . F. E., Adedayo, . A. E. & Solayide, . A. J. (2025) Development of Composite Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Weibull Probability Distributions. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 32 (3), 56-67.


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