E-ISSN 2705-3954 | ISSN 0794-4756
 
2025, Vol: 32, Issue: 2
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Original Research 


A BANDWIDTH-ENHANCED COMPACT MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON CSRRs FOR 5G APPLICATIONS

Yusuf Abubakar Muhammad, Mutari Hajara Ali.


Abstract
This paper presents the design and simulation of a compact Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna (MRPA) enhanced with Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs) for 5G applications in the 26 and 28 GHz bands. The antenna is designed on a Rogers RT5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.508 mm. CSRR metamaterial unit cells are integrated into the ground plane to achieve size reduction and bandwidth enhancement. The design and simulation processes were carried out using CST Studio Suite 2018. The purely simulated results indicate that integrating CSRRs reduces the MRPA size by approximately 20%, from 330 mm² (16.5 × 20 mm²) to 263.5 mm² (15.5 × 17 mm²). The conventional MRPA antenna without CSRRs resonated at 26.59 GHz and 28.0 GHz, offering bandwidths of 0.50 GHz and 0.81 GHz, with corresponding gains of 5.81 dB and 9.44 dB, respectively. With the integration of CSRRs, the proposed MRPA antenna achieved resonance at 26.51 GHz and 28.0 GHz, offering bandwidths of 0.62 GHz and 1.03 GHz, corresponding to 19% and 21% enhancements, along with gains of 5.19 dB and 9.79 dB, respectively. These performance improvements, combined with the antenna’s compact size, make the CSRR-loaded MRPA suitable for millimeter-wave 5G applications in portable wireless devices.

Key words: 5G, Antenna Bandwidth, CSRRs, Gain, Microstrip Antennas


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Muhammad YA, Ali MH. A BANDWIDTH-ENHANCED COMPACT MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON CSRRs FOR 5G APPLICATIONS. NJE. 2025; 32(2): 1-8.

Web Style

Muhammad YA, Ali MH. A BANDWIDTH-ENHANCED COMPACT MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON CSRRs FOR 5G APPLICATIONS. https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=258592 [Access: October 07, 2025].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Muhammad YA, Ali MH. A BANDWIDTH-ENHANCED COMPACT MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON CSRRs FOR 5G APPLICATIONS. NJE. 2025; 32(2): 1-8.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Muhammad YA, Ali MH. A BANDWIDTH-ENHANCED COMPACT MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON CSRRs FOR 5G APPLICATIONS. NJE. (2025), [cited October 07, 2025]; 32(2): 1-8.


Harvard Style

Muhammad, Y. A. & Ali, . M. H. (2025) A BANDWIDTH-ENHANCED COMPACT MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON CSRRs FOR 5G APPLICATIONS. NJE, 32 (2), 1-8.


Turabian Style

Muhammad, Yusuf Abubakar, and Mutari Hajara Ali. 2025. A BANDWIDTH-ENHANCED COMPACT MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON CSRRs FOR 5G APPLICATIONS. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 32 (2), 1-8.


Chicago Style

Muhammad, Yusuf Abubakar, and Mutari Hajara Ali. "A BANDWIDTH-ENHANCED COMPACT MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON CSRRs FOR 5G APPLICATIONS." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 32 (2025), 1-8.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Muhammad, Yusuf Abubakar, and Mutari Hajara Ali. "A BANDWIDTH-ENHANCED COMPACT MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON CSRRs FOR 5G APPLICATIONS." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 32.2 (2025), 1-8. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Muhammad, Y. A. & Ali, . M. H. (2025) A BANDWIDTH-ENHANCED COMPACT MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON CSRRs FOR 5G APPLICATIONS. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 32 (2), 1-8.


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